Internet Censorship Essay - Censoring the Internet

Censoring the Internet From music to television, censorship has played a major role in how the public is exposed to certain material. Now that our world is entering into a new technology era, the Internet is now in the middle of the censorship issue. Internet access is now one of the fastest ways to communicate with others, obtain information on virtually anything, and purchase items without having to leave your home. As more and more people get connected to this cyber superhighway, concern for the content of material has become a big issue. Since so many children are exposed to the Internet, some material should not be accessible with a simple click of a mouse. In order to protect our younger people from being exposed to†¦show more content†¦The bills sponsor said sexual predators are using public libraries to access pornography and prey on children there (Rogers). Porn sites tend to use popular keywords so that innocuous searches result in X-rated hits. Visitors to non-sexual sites are redirecte d to porn addresses or have explicit pop-ups placed on their screens. Worst of all, as John Dvorak reported in Forbes, porn operators have rigged their sites so they are impossible to escape, short of terminating your browser or shutting down your computer (Grace). Parents take the fact that all vulgar sites are not blocked into consideration when deciding on whether or not to get the Internet connected into their home. My mother is very worried that my twelve-year-old brother may have one of these pop-ups when hes just looking for video game codes. This is one of the reasons we do not have the Internet at our home. Parents are also concerned that their children may be exposed to such graphic material over the Internet at school. This is why the Neighborhood Childrens Internet Protection Act was made. Introduced by Sen. Rick Santorum, this bill will require school and libraries receiving universal service assistance funding to implement community-directed Internet use policies to prevent minors from being subject to indecent and negative material on the Internet. It also includes measures to study the sufficiency of currently available Internet blockingShow MoreRelatedInternet Censorship: Censoring Freedom Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesmatter of seconds. Ever since the internet was first made publically available in 1991 the ease of accessing entertainment, education, and information has been increasing every year. We now live in an age where roughly 30% of all people in the entire world are connected to the web (World Internet Usage Statistics New and World Population Stats). However, despite the obvious advantages of the internet’s freedom, some countries are trying to control the internet and display what it deems appropriateRead More Internet Censorship Essay example1506 Words   |  7 PagesCensorship of the Internet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We should demand that all public schools and libraries install and configure Internet Filters. This statement shows how Jeffery Pollock, a candidate for the 3rd Congressional District seat in Oregon, views the Internet. Unfortunately for him, the one thing that he ranted and raved about was the one thing that gave him an unfair disadvantage in the in the upcoming elections. (Blind Ballots) Cyber Patrol, One of the leading Internet censoring companies and isRead More We Dont Need Internet Censorship Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesWe Dont Need Internet Censorship Censorship is an extremely controversial issue. There have been hundreds of thousands of essays written about whether or not censorship on the Internet is right or wrong, but so far, no precise conclusion has surfaced. Ive researched into the topic, but I havent completely sided with one or the other. There are just good reasons against censorship. This essay briefly discusses some reasons why the Internet should be censored, but will then mainly focusRead More Internet Censorship Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the I nternet. Unfortunately, there haveRead More Should the Internet be censored? Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages Should the Internet be censored? From colonial times to the present, the media in America has been subject to censorship challenges and regulations. The Internet has become a vast sea of opportunity. Everyone is seizing the moment. The good and the bad of society have reduced the meaning of the Internet. Menace threatens each onlooker, as people browse the many pages of Cyberspace. As the new technological advances help to shape our society, one cannot help but think of the dangers waiting to preyRead MoreDo Internet Service Providers Have a Responsibility to Regulate the Content That Is Available on the World Wide Web? Is the Presence and Ease of Availability of Pornography to the General Public a Tribute to Free Speech1116 Words   |  5 Pagessociety has found ways to record sexual experiences via paint, print, film and with recent technology, the Internet. Society has used every technological step forward to portray the sexual act. With each step forward this has increased the pornography forum to a broader aud ience. This audience is being propelled by a powerful urge to see images of sex. Nowadays pornography and the Internet, go hand in hand. However who is regulating this material, the website companies want to make the most revenueRead MoreGovernment Internet Censorship of China1195 Words   |  5 PagesGovernment Internet Censorship of China The Internet is also called â€Å"Information superhighway† because of the limitless amount of data that one person can access from it. The fact is not all of us can access the Internet like what it is. There are many roadblocks on the superhighway in form of â€Å"Internet Censorship†. There are several kinds of motivations for censorship. It ranges from keeping children away from undesirable content to a government control of nation’s access of information. InRead MoreToday’S Major Media Platforms Are Defining And Developing1365 Words   |  6 Pagesform of expression emerges through the use of social media platforms, policymakers must regulate the censorship of posted content while still protecting the integrity of the user’s First Amendment rights. Authors Marvin Ammori, Marjorie Heins, and Jonathan Zittrain engage in synergistic conversation of censorship by mega media platforms’ evolving terms and conditions and their effects on Inter net users through the use of real-world examples, differing tones of voice, and individual angles of visionRead More Cyberspace Hate Propaganda and Internet Censorship Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesCyberhate - Hate Propaganda and Internet Censorship The Internet is an ideal medium for hate groups, such as neo-Nazis, because of the mass exposure, inexpensiveness, uncensored nature and ease of publishing offered. The Internet allows hate groups to target a broad audience: impressionable children are the most vulnerable. Attempts at censorship fail because of the international nature of the Internet, and to a lesser extent, free speech contentions. Instead, the freedom of speech exercisedRead MoreCensorship Of The World Wide Web1326 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful tool, and too much of it will make any government nervous. Censorship of information has had a long history throughout the world. In ancient China for example, censorship was considered a legitimate instrument for regulating the moral and political life of the population (Newth). Even today, the Chinese government has full authority to censor anything on the web. Western societies also have a long history of censorship. The origin of the term censor can be traced to the office of censor

George Washington A Hero Of The Revolutionary War

Often referred to as the â€Å"Father of Our Country,† George Washington (1732-1799) is regarded as one of the most prominent figures in the early history of the the United States of America and a hero of the Revolutionary War. Honest, humble, noble, farmer, commander-in-chief - all words still used this day to describe our country’s first President. After eight years of war fighting for freedom from British tyranny and corruption, the American colonists were ready for peace, an organized government system, and strong leadership in their new-found freedom and as an independence nation. During the American Revolution (1775-1783), Washington worked his way through the military ranks serving as a Major during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), then Colonel under British General Edward Braddock s army. In August, 1755, Washington was appointed Commander in Chief of the entire Continental Army. â€Å"He was sent to the frontier to patrol and protect nearly 400 miles o f border with some 700 ill-disciplined colonial troops and a Virginia colonial legislature unwilling to support him†(Biography.com). Although he is credited for winning few battles against the British, he had a powerful ability to keep the struggling colonial army unified and motivated in the war effort despite the lack of military training of the enlisted men, the harsh weather conditions, and lack of food and supplies. Masterminding the defeat of the British forces at Yorktown, Virginia, under British GeneralShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : Unsung Hero : James Armistead961 Words   |  4 PagesSimon Gardner 8-4 #6 Social Studies, Gilligan November 28, 2017 Unsung Hero: James Armistead James Armistead is an important yet unsung hero of the American Revolution. Not many Americans have even heard his name and they should. Without him the Americans would have lost the battle of Yorktown which was an important victory for the Americans. In the textbook he only has three sentences on the sidebar (American Nation, p. 187). African-Americans are often overlooked in history due toRead MoreRevolutionary War1150 Words   |  5 PagesRevolutionary War Taylor Hunter ENG/101 October 26, 2014 The battle of Trenton and Princeton began to erupt in the same year of the Revolutionary War. The Revolutionary War had started because the Americans wanted the same rights the as the British citizens had. The British refused to give Americans the same rights because they (British) didn’t think the Americans shouldn’t be represented as a part of the British Parliament, instead their (British) minds were more focused on buildingRead MoreEssay Founding Fathers of the United States: George Washington 607 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Washington was the father of the United States of America. He created our country from the beginning. Not only was he a great leader, but he was also a great commander. He helped us win the Revolutionary War, which gave our country independence. We finally became free, and that’s the greatest thing in America. The fact that he motivated regular people to fight a huge army is amazing. In 1732, George Washington was born on his fathers plantation in Westmoreland County, Virginia. His fatherRead MoreGeorge Washington765 Words   |  4 PagesThere are few figures as large in American history as George Washington. His powerful leadership, determination, and endless patriotism was essential for winning the Revolutionary War, the creation of the United States Constitution, and the establishment of a new government. There are three defining events that happened to George during his life in colonial America. His proper childhood upbringing, his military leadership in the revolutionary war, and his election as the First President of the UnitedRead MoreGeorge Washington As A General Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Washington as a General. George Washington was commander in chief of the continental army during the American revolutionary war. Although some argue that George Washington was an excellent leader, others argue that he didn’t know what he was doing and that it was out of luck that he won the revolutionary war, George Washington was without a doubt a fine general, because George Washington played roles in which he showed exemplified character and leadership, he stuck by his men and led the colonialRead MoreEssay about Biography of George Washington1369 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington an American Hero The Revolutionary War proved to be the most important experience in the transition of Washingtons history. The war made George Washington, a man to be revered in history, and helped transform him into a symbol of a new republic and its principles. George Washington is the Founding Father of our nation. The American Revolution was a result of a series of social, political changes, within American society. Washington played an important political and military positionRead MoreWas Benedict Arnold a Real Traitor? Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. All the Americans relate George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson as their heroes, but there is a debate whether Benedict Arnold was a victim or a traitor. Arnold was a general during the American Revolutinary War, and he fought for the Continental Army. His name became synonymous with the word traitor. Benedict Arnold was a Revolutionary Hero that had a huge effect on succeeding in the war. He had motivated a lot of soldiers during the war with his victorious discoursesRead MoreGeorge Washington, The World s Greatest Leader Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington, The World’s Greatest Leader On April 30, 1789, George Washington took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. He knew that not only would he be faced with the challenge of leading a young nation with a plethora of problems, but that his every move and decision would be scrutinized and, hopefully, emulated by his successors. As the first of every thing (SP), in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent, he wrote James Madison, it is devoutly wishedRead MoreAmerican Revolution : The American Revolutionary War923 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Revolution is known as the war fought between American and Great Britain, for Americans freedom. The American Revolution is also commonly known as the American Revolutionary War, or the U.S War of Independence. The War itself only last a short eight years, it began in 1775 and ended in 1783, but tensions had been building up for centuries between the Great Britain and the colonies at the given time period. The American Revolutionary War until 1778 was a war of independence between the GreatRead MoreHeroism : A True Hero1283 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge S Patton, a senior officer of the U.S. Army, once said, â€Å"The real hero is the man who fights even though he is scared.† The online dictionary from Merriam-Webster defines a hero as, â€Å"One who shows great courage.† People notice that a hero shows courage and perseverance in overwhelming positions. People can even be inspired to show the same in the problems they are going through. Maybe inside the hero they are nervous, or even scared, but outside they show that they will power through whatever

Dominos Pizzas Process Technology - Implementation Of New Process

Question: Describe about the Article for Logistics and Operations Management Dominos Pizzas Process Technology. Answer: Introduction Managing logistics and operations in a business is highly crucial to ensure that the company meet out the requirements and necessities of consumers on regular basis. Conversely, to perform the logistics operations productively and effectively, the fundamental step is to consider proper and timely management along with various multiple areas which includes manufacturing, finance, banking, public sector, strategic management, corporate governance etc. Also many supporting processes are there that helps in managing business properly and efficiently (Higgs 2013). Customer Process technologies is a collection of tasks and related structured activities which produces a particular product for a specific customer. It could be broadly determined in 3 processes Management Process Technology Operational Process Technology Supporting Process Technology The management process technology is related to governing the operations of a business such as strategic management process or corporate governance process of some business (Higgs 2013. The Operational process is connected to the core business of the company which creates the main value stream and supporting process is mainly the backend operations such as accounting and technical support. This report is focused towards performing an analysis on Operational Process Management of Dominos Pizza Enterprise which includes basic operations such as manufacturing, purchasing, sales and marketing. About Dominos Pizza Enterprise Dominos Pizza is an American restaurant chain and is also an international franchisee pizza delivering corporation; this organization was founded in 1960 and is the second-largest pizza chain in the United States. Dominos pizza has nearly 9500 franchised and corporate stores in all 50 U.S. states and 60 international markets (Steve, R 2011). The products delivered by Dominos are Pasta, Pizza, oven-baked sandwiches, Boneless chicken, wings, salads, a variety of dessert items along with breadsticks and cheese sticks. A new recent addition to the product line is a burger pizza which they claim to taste like a pizza but looks like a burger. Dominos Pizza had a vision of being number one amongst all the pizza companies and also number one amongst the people (Nathan 2010). And its mission is focused on selling more and more pizzas and to add more fun to the life of its customers. Since its beginning, Domino's Pizza had an insurance that clients might accept their pizzas inside 30 minutes of submitting a request, or they might get the pizzas free. The successful and effective stock management and network of Dominos Pizza empowers it to uphold its guarantees and goodwill in the market. The wide seizure mediums of the company help it to attain focus on its productivity. In this global era where e-commerce trade is at its full pace, Dominos is not behind and offering online ordering along with mobile applications, and clients could get their pizzas on a single click. It has been researched that the percentage of online ordering in U.K. has reached to 46.2%. The vision statement of Dominos is Brilliant and Unique individuals on a mission to provide best pizza in the world at the doorstep. Dominos aims to bring convenience, happiness and fun by making tastiest pizza in the world and fulfil their commitment towards their guests. This is the reason, Dominos efforts towards whether a new product or old, great delivery and take away service, presence in world or value for money deals, everything is co-ordinated towards making connections more grounded. Customer Process Technologies at Dominos Dominos started its mission to become customer friendly somewhere around 2008 when it was almost clear that people have developed a taste for the delicious pizzas of Dominos. The various process technologies at Dominos includes marketing and advertising through ecommerce technology which means tie up with various social networking sites and mail accounts and so on to promote their pizzas online. Another customer process technology Dominos makes use of is an online application along with a mobile application to order pizzas online. In fact, in todays date more than 50% of pizza sale is through online orders (Nathan 2010). Dominos has various unique selling prepositions that comprises of Product Gratification Assurance: The Company owns the entire responsibility for the satisfaction with their products which means they are serving fresh, hot and tasty to the consumers. If the customer is not satisfied with their order Dominos promises to refund entire money. Delivery at Doorstep in 30 Minutes: This is the only pizza company that provides the service of doorstep delivery in less than 30 minutes or the consumer gets his pizza free, except for the rainy days. Take-away order in 15 Minutes: Company guarantees the fulfilment of customers order at the outlet in maximum 15 minutes, if not the customer gets a free voucher for a pizza which could be used in the given time limit. Delivery is free of cost: Company do not charge extra to deliver pizza at doorstep. As discussed above this paper will try to improve Dominos operational process technology which is concerned with advertising, marketing, and manufacturing and purchasing of raw material and similar other things. Alternate Technologies Advertising and marketing is one of the major steps in Operational Process Technology along with a major role in companys revenue generation techniques. At present, Dominos is using online promotion schemes through social media and other sites and promotion through pamphlets and hoardings. These all of the measures are great in itself but not sufficient as the competition in this field is now very vast so company must take innovative measures regularly in order to grow its revenue. Social media networks are wide and large and every human breed could be found on it so it is one of the best platforms to be use in a more enhancive way. One of the alternate is to make the use of powerful hash tags which is both popular amongst users and also they dont need any extra advertising cost. It is absolutely free and grows as a chain. Manufacturing of base pizzas and other sides are done at their factory which includes transportation costs and also does not guarantee freshness. An alternate to it could be training chefs at outlets for how to make these bases and the proper measurement of size and everything. If the customers themself see it they would be happier and sound towards pizzas as they would consider it hygienic and fresh product. The price of pizzas at Dominos is quite reasonable that even people from lower middle class could sometimes afford it. Still company must introduce some varieties for rural class of people to expand companys revenue. International markets are another step in operational process technology which should be improved and enhanced. At present domestic market of Dominos is shrinking while it has shown a rise in international markets, hence company must think of it as well as an alternative. Long Term Benefits In todays time international market is growing strong and Dominos as well. It has been researched that the global market is developing a taste for fast food and especially pizza, mainly because of falling dollar w.r.t U.S., rising appetites for pizza and rising incomes abroad, hence expanding international market can prove to be a great approach to grow revenues and presence worldwide (Long, Dulwich and Gay 2015). Because of its popular brand name Dominos could expand its market with little marketing, distribution and other incremental infrastructure growth. Also, as the company has a business model orientation as franchisee based it is easy to expand with little working capital and expenditures. Also, in last 60 consecutive quarters international revenues of Dominos has always shown positive results with a zero negative. Hence, expanding globally is a great way for long term growth internationally. As per other operational process technology is concerned it has its own benefits too. Changing pattern of, manufacturing base pizzas at home location and exporting to other nations to training employees to make base pizzas and dough at the outlet itself can prove to be great start for the company as it would be easy to manage inventory and the loss incurred from expired and torn out material would be minimum. Cost of Change Manufacturing base pizzas at home location and exporting to other nations is beneficial from many aspects as the cost of importing and exporting will be minimised and freshness in the product will be maximised. This will boost up the companys revenue as the customers could see with their bare eyes, the making of their pizza. This will increase the trust and faith of customers in the company (Long, Dulwich and Gay 2015. Goodwill of the company will increase in both markets international as well as domestic. This will also give high rise to Dominos amongst its competitors as todays generation is hygiene and health conscious so they would definitely prefer fresh over preserved. As far as the budget and costs are concerned implementation of this change would lessen the entire cost of the production, as the preserving cost of dough and base pizzas at inventory would be saved. Also, the transportation costs will be saved including taxes in importing and exporting material. Though there will be a little extra overhead as a need to train employees in making pizzas base to meet the quality of Dominos and also to preserve its brand name. Still it is very less compare to the cost of preserving it as the trucks has to be fixed at a proper temperature so that the contents inside remain as it is and if due to some reason they fail, entire quantity has to be discarded (Li and Wearing 2014). Cost of expanding international markets would need a little extra amount as capital and expenditures but it will still be less because of its franchisee-oriented business model. Dominos popular brand name will allow it to expand with limited infrastructural costs and limited marketing and advertising costs. Dominos has shown a recent spike in its revenues and company could use its extra cash flows to invest in entering emerging markets. To attract more franchisee owners in different countries, company could increase franchisees incentives and could also lower down the fees concerned with it. Company can also increase revenue-sharing percentages in the franchisees favour (Long, Dulwich and Gay 2015). Implementation of the new process technologies To implement the expansion of franchisee stores, its compensation and benefit overseas Dominos must provide various kinds of franchisee supporting programs. The company must originate a training programme for the employees to provide appropriate knowledge regarding companys policies, rules and regulations, how the company does functions as well as the other important elements relating companys commercial business. One of the crucial steps in expanding internationally is attraction towards franchisee because licencing and franchising system is the main point mode of companys entry in international markets. To attract new franchisees FDS must provide a proper strategy for recruitment process: Franchisee Development Services publications like The Franchisee Magazine are the right vehicle to carry editorial that reports on facts as provided by the Dominos Pizza Franchisees. This notifies explorers who are seeking for the brand and system that will form the idea vehicle with which to achieve business success (Horvitz 2010). To effectively grow its international chain Dominos must effectively work with local pizza chains globally. Dominos must also use other modes for expanding its business in foreign markets such as opening stores which are solely company owned. This will generate revenues completely on the basis of sale and not royalty. Thus the percentage of profit will be much more than royalty trend because in that case a large percentage is being given to the franchisee owner (Li and Wearing 2014). To implement the idea of change of pattern in manufacturing base pizzas and other related tasks company could opt to introduce benefits scheme amongst employees by offering them a test of making dough and bases, that who all qualifies in the test with the same exact quality Dominos desires will be given a hike in their salaries. Also, their work load will be lessened as they do not need to work at other areas of the outlets except for making pizzas. Along with it, company must recruit potential new staff for the same in case existing employees do not meet the expectations. Another step towards cutting cost and providing fresh materials to customers is by deciding its own logistics model and developing its procurement strategy for its key raw materials like spices, tomatoes, baby corn, wheat etc. Dominos must consult local providers and growers of vegetables and spices instead of exporting it from its own country. Company could arrange almost every type of vegetables from the local market easily and even at cheaper costs in markets like India, Bangladesh etc. Hence, it would be cut the transportation costs and will enhance the freshness in the products (Horvitz 2010). Conclusion It is believed that pizza has a global appeal and demand for pizza at doorstep without paying any extra costs are growing internationally on daily basis. Though Dominos is successful in building a large platform in international markets, still there are many doors of opportunities and necessities for it to grow and expand. Being in top ten amongst international markets Dominos must think of being half of the total long-term potential store base in these ten markets. Instead of deciding on just one perspective to improve and implement, it is advisable to include all three discussed above which are the part of operational process technology. Apparently, Dominos must not stop its existing services and must continue to provide its clients their tastes. Additionally, they must keep growing in worldwide markets by pushing their propelled innovation into areas that does not have a great deal of those alternatives accessible like pizza hut and U.S. Pizza stores. There are many opportunities for the company in the real market. It could grow in the developing countries as people there are becoming more aware. Also it could introduce more products that are low in calories and it could even overcome one of its weaknesses by implementing this idea. References Steve, R. (2011) Quiznos chain faces tough finance issues, The Denver Post, https://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_18721934. Karen, R. (2011) Pizza players predict super sales for Super Bowl, The Dallas Morning News, https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/super-bowl/local/20110120-pizza-players-predict-super-sales-for-super-bowl.ece. Amy, Z. (2012) Pizza players vie for shares of segment pie with new offerings. Nation's Restaurant News. Horvitz, B. (2010) New pizza recipe did wonders for Domino's sales USA Today. White, J. (2011) Chain of the Year: Domino's Pizza. Pizza Today. Nathan B. (2010) J. Patrick Doyle named CEO of Domino's Pizza as David Brandon becomes University of Michigan athletic director". Adamy, J. (2007), Will a Twist on an Old Vow Deliver for Domino's Pizza?. Wall Street Journal. Monaghan, T. and Robert, A. (2015) Pizza Tiger, New York: Random House. Monaghan, T. (2013) Domino's Pizza, Fortune Small Business, p. 58. 3. Hossain, E. (2007) An Evaluation of Brands Image, Product Attributes and Perceived Quality of a Selected Consumer Non-durable Product, Administration and Management Review. Higgs, D. (2013) Review of the role of non-executive directors. [Internet document] (The Department of Trade and Industry) [cited 4 January 2007], available from www.dti.gov.uk/files/file23021.pdf Kiel, G.C. and Nicholson, G.J. (2003) Boards That Work: A New Guide for Directors. McGraw Hill, Sydney. Li, C.A. and Wearing, B. (2014) between glass ceilings: Female non-executive directors in UK quoted companies. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance. 1 (4), 355-372. Long, T., Dulwich, V. and Gay, K. (2015) The role of the non-executive director: Findings of an empirical investigation in to the differences between listed and unlisted UK boards. Corporate Governance. 13, 667-679.

Data Leakage Detection and Prevention Solutions †Assignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Data Leakage Detection and Prevention Solutions. Answer: Introduction A computer security breach is any event, which results in unsanctioned use of services, networks, applications, data or devices by circumventing their fundamental mechanisms of security. A security breach can also be referred to as a security violation. A security violation takes place when an application or an individual illegally makes entry to an unauthorized, confidential or private IT logical perimeter. This report outlines the case study of cyber security breach of Verizon Wireless of USA, which became a threat for the whole world in July 2017. It provides a detailed research of the problem, the affected people and the recommendation that how that breach could had been stopped. The report further outlines the brief description of the May 2017 Ransomware Cyber-Attack with the problem, the affected person and the prevention of that case study. The name of the May 2017 cyber attack is the WannaCry Ransomware Cyber attack. The description of the above discussion is given in the following paragraphs. Verizon Wireless is a recognized telecommunication organization that operates its business in USA. They are responsible for offering wireless devices and services. They have faced a major security breach because of cloud leak. The Verizon partner was responsible for leaking all the data in cloud (Mathews, 2017). It exposed approximately the accounts of millions of customers. All the information present in their account was leaked in July, 2017 creating a lot of problem. Reason for the Security Breach The major reason or cause behind the data breach was a cloud based repository file that was not configured. This leaked the information of 14 million people of the United States who were the customers of the Verizon, telecommunication carrier. The ownership of the cloud based system or software was under the telephonic software and NICE Systems. NICE Systems were the third party vendor of the Verizon Company (Fox News 2017). Verizons data repository was the S3 bucket of the Amazon Services of the Web. The names, account details, addresses and other essential information was leaked and accessed through the S3 bucket of the Amazon Services. The PIN codes of the customers that used to verify the Verizon account were also leaked and under danger. Their phone numbers were also leaked. This data breach shows the insecurity of cloud computing and its challenges (Romanosky, Hoffman Acquisti, 2014). This leaked the information of 14 million people of the United States who were the customers of the Verizon, telecommunication carrier. The other main reason for the cause of this data breach was the non-configuration of the cloud based structure provided by the third party vendor called NICE Systems. If the third party does not take proper responsibility of the cloud or does it in a deliberate purpose then this can create data breach affecting millions of users (Khalil et al., 2013). NICE System has a history that is not strong. History of this third party in supply technical to different firms reveal an indicator of unsettled manner of the surveillance that was sponsored by the state. Customers could log in to their accounts and get information from a repository that can be downloaded. This is an alarming signal because if the data can be downloaded then it can be shared with any third party resulting in major loss to the US companies. Data Breach Occurrence Configuration is the most important issue in a cloud network. There can be any incorrect configuration leading to issues regarding management of the network. Tools should be used in a proper technique to allow the cloud to work in an efficient and effective manner. There was major problem in the base of the infrastructure of the IT. This internal problem was known as wrong configuration (Uchiumi, Kikuchi Matsumoto, 2012). The wrong configuration in the infrastructure can lead to around higher percent data breaches. The other main reason for the cause of this data breach was the non-configuration of the cloud based structure provided by the third party vendor called NICE Systems. NICE System has a history that is not strong. The NICE System should have looked into the matter and made the system more secured before anything like this could take place. It is extremely challenging for any organization to find out the loopholes and problems in the configuration of the cloud network. Prop er identification of incorrect configuration can solve the issue regarding this matter. The third party vendor should look into the matter and solve the misconfiguration issue. The configuration of the IT systems should be carefully managed before any stated of disorder takes place (Patel et al., 2013). The software should be upgraded on a continuous and regular basis. The hardware performance also needs to be checked so that there is no degradation in the performance. The downtime in the system must also be resolved in an efficient manner. Proper cyber security policy along with signature authentication must be incorporated in the system. The shielding of the vulnerabilities must be done by updating and patching the software on a regular basis from various points of access. Proper encryption keys must be involved in the system. The cloud architecture must be protected. The vendor must be transparent with its client (Shabtai, Elovici Rokach, 2012). The client company must analyze and study the issues regarding the vendor company before deciding the issues. A web gatewa y application reduces or eliminate the chances of risks in the system. The ransomware cyber attack that took place in May 2017 was the most dangerous attack that took place across the world. It is known as the WannaCry ransomware attack. It is a cyber attack that was done by the WannaCry ransomware cryptoworm. It had targeted those computers that were running the operating system of the Microsoft Windows. The data of this operating system were encrypted. The attackers had demanded ransom payments. These payments were asked to be paid in the Bitcoin cryptocurrency (Mohurle Patil, 2017). The attack had taken place in around 12th of May, 2017. It was on a Friday. It had infected around 230000 computers and more in more than 150 countries. National Health Service of the United Kingdom was partly affected (Collier, 2017). It could run few services that were required in emergency situation when the attack took place. Few days after the attack took place a researcher of security discovered kill switch and found out the ransom ware code that led to the initial slow process of the attack. However, later on in 15th of May, 2017 it was found out that the other advanced versions of the ransomware had been invented and these lacked the kill switch. Microsoft had detected its vulnerabilities and released the techniques and methods in order to overcome the flaws and faults in the present system. The newer versions like Windows 7 and Windows 8 are safe. People who are still using the Windows XP and other unauthorized versions are still under the security risk. It was reported by Europol that approximately 230000 computers that had the Windows operating system were affected as they were infected by ransomware. This was spread over 150 countries across the world. The most affected countries were reported to be India, Ukraine, Taiwan and Russia. The National Health Service of the United Kingdom and Scotland hospitals were affected in a severe manner (Pascariu, Barbu Bacivarov, 2017). It had infected over 70000 computer devices in the hospitals. It also included the MRI scanners and theatre equipments. The production in the Nissan Manufacturing in United Kingdom was halted because the ransomware were infected in their systems. It has also affected Renault. It has stopped its production in various sites. The attack was not as powerful as any other cyber attack. Procedure of the Attack The ransomware attack called WannaCry attack had taken place on 12th of May, 2017. The initial thing that happened was took place in Asia at around 7:44 am in the morning. It had taken place through an SMB port that was exposed due to its vulnerability (Mattei, 2017). It was not done through email phishing. The malware had first checked whether there was any kill switch domain. In the absence of such domain the ransomware attacks the system and encrypts its data. It then exploits the vulnerabilities of the SMB. After the attack, it had displayed a message asking for 300 dollars Bitcoin in a span of three days or 600 dollars in seven days (O'Gorman McDonald, 2012).By 14th of June, 2017 there were 327 payments resulting in a total amount of 130634 dollars that had been transferred. There are certain measures for this problem. Microsoft Protection Center that looks after the malware issues had mentioned several steps that can be taken in order to prevent the WannaCry ransomware attack (Martin, Kinross Hankin, 2017). Installation and usage of antivirus software that is up to date will help to resolve many issues. The software must also be up to date. They should avoid clicking on any websites or open any type of attachment. There must be regular backup for important files (O Dowd, 2017). Patches should be applied to the Windows that is recommended by Microsoft Security Bulletin. Conclusion Therefore from the above discussion, it can be concluded that security breaches has become a common problem in the world. The report clearly discusses about the infamous Verizon data breach in July 2017. It provides a clear description of the reasons, the affected people and the recommendations for the solution. The report further covers about the WannaCry ransomware cyber attack of May 2017. The whole ICT world was shaken because of this attack. The report gives a brief description of the problem and the suffered people and the solutions for that problem. References Collier, R. (2017). NHS ransomware attack spreads worldwide. Fox News. (2017). Verizon data breach: 14 million customers reportedly exposed. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.foxnews.com/tech/2017/07/12/verizon-data-breach-14-million-customers-reportedly-exposed.html Khalil, I. M., Khreishah, A., Bouktif, S., Ahmad, A. (2013, April). Security concerns in cloud computing. InInformation Technology: New Generations (ITNG), 2013 Tenth International Conference on(pp. 411-416). IEEE. Martin, G., Kinross, J., Hankin, C. (2017). Effective cybersecurity is fundamental to patient safety. Mathews, L. (2017).Millions Of Verizon Customers Exposed By Third-Party Data Leak.Forbes.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/leemathews/2017/07/13/millions-of-verizon-customers-exposed-by-third-party-leak/#929962836bc9 Mattei, T. A. (2017). Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information: Lessons from the Recent WannaCry Cyberattack.World Neurosurgery,104, 972-974. Mohurle, S., Patil, M.(2017). A brief study of Wannacry Threat: Ransomware Attack 2017.International Journal,8(5). ODowd, A. (2017). NHS patient data security is to be tightened after cyberattack. O'Gorman, G., McDonald, G. (2012).Ransomware: A growing menace. Symantec Corporation. pascariu, C., barbu, I. D., bacivarov, I. C.(2017) Investigative Analysis and Technical Overview of Ransomware Based Attacks. Case Study: WannaCry. Patel, A., Taghavi, M., Bakhtiyari, K., JNior, J. C. (2013). An intrusion detection and prevention system in cloud computing: A systematic review.Journal of network and computer applications,36(1), 25-41. Romanosky, S., Hoffman, D., Acquisti, A. (2014). Empirical analysis of data breach litigation.Journal of Empirical Legal Studies,11(1), 74-104. Shabtai, A., Elovici, Y., Rokach, L. (2012).A survey of data leakage detection and prevention solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Uchiumi, T., Kikuchi, S., Matsumoto, Y. (2012, September). Misconfiguration detection for cloud datacenters using decision tree analysis. InNetwork Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), 2012 14th Asia-Pacific(pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Ethical Decision Making Assignment Essay Example

Ethical Decision Making Assignment Essay Gurwinder Singh Professor Denniston Ethics of Engagement 11/15/10 We all end up at a point where we have to respond to an issue positively. That is possible when a good amount of experience to certain situations is attained. â€Å"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals utility or the greatest happiness principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† John Stuart Mill. This particular quote refers to the utilitarian approach which states that in all our actions we must always strive to produce the greatest possible balance of good or evil. The utilitarian approach deals with consequences. It tries both to increase the good done and to reduce the harm done. Immanuel Kant was an important component in modern philosophy. He combined together early modern rationalism and empiricism and continues to practice an important influence today in ethics. He disputes that the human understanding is the source of the general laws of nature that structure all our experience and that human reason gives itself the moral law, which is our basis for belief in God, freedom, and immortality. â€Å"Act in such a way that you always treat humanity whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means but always at the same time as an end†- Immanuel Kant. In this particular quote Kant gives us a message to treat people with respect and never get them to believe something that doesnt exist. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Decision Making Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Decision Making Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Decision Making Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Carol Gilligan maintains that the morality of males is different from that of females. Males view rules and principles as necessary to proceed in a practice (a game, an art, a science, the making and sustaining of a community). Females, on the other hand, give fundamental importance to the consistency of relationships with other people. Gilligan describes male morality as a morality of principles while female morality is a morality of care. My ethical decision was made in terms of John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant and Carol Gilligan. There was a time when I encountered a situation in college where I had to make an ethical decision. I was in the middle of studying for my psychology quiz until a colleague, from my psychology class, came up to me and asked me to devote some time for his psychology homework. I first thought of the effects it would have on me and my responsibilities. I had very little time and needed that time to understand the lesson along with some vocabularies for the quiz. I was half way through and didnt want to forget the previous words that I had memorised. It would have been a bad idea to go help him right away. It was during my first year of college and my family demanded outstanding grades. I personally enjoy helping others because it makes me feel happy, so I definitely didnt want to deny. The only option I had was to help him later. I responded and told him that I was in the middle of studying for the quiz and if he can come back in a little while, I would be able to help him. I finished my work and then helped him right after I was done. At the end it kept me from facing any negative consequences and my colleague had a better understanding of the material. I believe that my decision was correlated with Mills decision because I made use of the â€Å"utilitarian calculus† by weighing the positive and negative consequences of my decision. Weighing the consequences of each possible course of action that the greatest good will ultimately be achieved by telling him to come back in a while. Many people engage in this type of utilitarian calculus automatically when they are attentive about important decisions in life. Whenever we weigh the pros and cons of a particular action, we are fundamentally engaged in a type of utilitarian calculus. According to Mills a rule utilitarian would maintain that instead of each individual acting to bring about the greatest amount of good over evil, everyone should follow those rules that would be beneficial for all. Finishing up my work and then devoting some time to help him kept me from doing poor on my quiz. On the other hand Immanuel Kants principle of morality was involved with my decision. I always try to respond to a situation by putting myself in someone else’s shoes before making a critical decision. After my colleague requested me for some help I did not want to deny and cause him to fail. If I were to be in a similar situation I would also ask someone to help me for a better understanding. If someone denied the help I would feel unaccepted and think of that individual as being selfish. I wouldnt want someone to be having that kind of perspective towards me. I wanted to respect his need and kind request. My decision was also made in terms of Carol Gilligan. I weighed certain consequences that I would have to go through. I was also attentive towards my families demanding of good grades. I evaluated the priorities at stakes. I wanted to help him have a better understanding of the topic. I also evaluated the consequences he would have to go through. I thought of it as more of a â€Å"justice approach† because I would prevent him from not doing his homework or not doing well on the quiz. My approach to this specific dilemma was very similar to that of Gilligan, Kant, and Mill. It was similar in one way or the other. The reading was very beneficial because there were many situations that were dealt in terms of morality, pros and cons, and the justice approach. My decision included these qualities. I have now a better understanding in dealing with certain situations and how to proceed.

Julius Ceasar Essays (2007 words) - Julius Caesar, First Triumvirate

Julius Ceasar Essays (2007 words) - Julius Caesar, First Triumvirate Julius Ceasar Julius Ceasar Julius Caesar was said to be the greatest man in the Roman world. Some historians, and among them those of international authority, have made greater claims for him. He was the greatest of the Roman would but of antiquity. Looking through the onlg list of rulers, kings and emperors and the rest, they have failed to find an wuqual of this man who refused the style of king but those name Ceasar has become the commanding majesty and power. Great as a general, great as a politican. Born in 102 B.C., or it may have been tow or three years later, Gaius Julius Caesar, to give him his full name, was of the most ancient and aristocratic lineage. Although he himself, rationalist as he was, must have smiled sometimes at the conceit, there were some who said that he was not only of royal but divine descent, since Venus, the goddess of Love, and married a Trojan prince and so become the mother of the legendary founder of the Julian house. All the same, circumstances and perhaps personal inclinations attached him to the comparatively democratic party. His aunt had married as a youth of seventeen to the daughter of Cinna, another leader of the fraction tht was opposed to the aristocratic party under Sulla, Marius, great rival. A year or two later, when Sulla had become supreme in the state, the young man was ordered to put away his wife. He refused, and his life was saved only through the intercession of powerful friends in Rome. But though he had been reprieved, Ceasar was far from safe, and for a time he skulled in the mountains until he managed to get acrss the sea to Asia Minor, where he served in the Roman army that was campaigning against Mithridates, the king of Pontus. At the seige of Mitylene in 80 B.C. he first distinguished himself as a soldier when he saved the life of a hard-pressed cmrade. On the death of he kept himself at the bar. His politics and made a career for himself at the bar. His political learning were showwn clearly enought, however, when he ventured to act as prosecutor of one of Sullas principal lieutnants, who was charged with gross extortion and crueltu when he was governor of the Macedonian province. To improve himself in rhetoric, Casear went to Rhodes to take a course of lessons under a celebrated master of that art, and it was probably at about this time that he had his famous encouter with Mediterranean pirates. These rufians captured the ship in which he was a passenger, and put his ransom. While his messenger was away collecting the money, Caesar made himself quite at home with his captors. He told them amusing stories, joked with them, joined in their exercises, and, always in the highest good humor, told laughed and joined in the fun. But Caesar was as good as his word. As soon as his ransom had been paid some over and he regained his liberty, he went to Miletus, hired some warships, and made straight back to the pirates, and ordered them to be crucified as he had assured them that he would. He also got back the money that had benn paid as his ransom. Still on the fringe of the political arena, Caesar spent the next few years as a gay young man about town. His family wasnt rich, but there were plenty of moneylenders who were glad to accommodate him. He spent money like water, on expensive pleasures women particularly, since he was as facinating to them as they were to him and on building up a body of popular support for the time when he might need it. Then in 68 B.C. he got his first official appointment under Government, as a quaestor, which secured him a seat in the Senate, and in 63 B.C. he appointed Pontifex maximus, a position of great dignity and importance in the religion establishment of the Roman State. He was onthe way up, and his rise was furthered by successful administration of a province in Spain. So capable did he prove that in 60 B.C. he was chosen by Rome, to form with him and crassus what is called the 1st Triumvirate. To strengthen the union between himself and Pompey, Caesar gave Pompey his daughter Julia in marriage. Then after a year as Consul, Caesar applied for, and was granted, the proconculship of Gual

Discuss the importance of body language and gesture in the councelling Essay

Discuss the importance of body language and gesture in the councelling exchange - Essay Example Counseling is a short-term, theory-based, non-directive, non-judgmental process (Stressmgn, n.d.). During the process, the client or the individual who is facing adjustment, developmental or situational problems, is helped by the counselor to gain awareness of himself and make decisions with support. Hence, the process of counseling would involve befriending, listening, helping, and empowering. Counseling is today a widely practiced profession and deals with problems in the field of personal, social, educational, vocational, mental health issues. Counseling can be of various types like supportive counseling, educational counseling, guidance counseling, career counseling, crisis counseling, grief counseling, post-traumatic counseling, management counseling, family counseling, marriage counseling, counseling in medical settings, rehabilitative and mental health counseling. Body language is a crucial communication tool, yet few people are well-versed in it. It has a significant impact on people’s perception even before we speak. It generates physical and emotional responses to people and situations in life. In counseling, it has great importance be it counseling for career, counseling individuals with difficulties or diseases. When a person comes for counseling, he is generally in a state of indecision and distressed. He is normally reluctant to reveal personal information and secrets. A client may or may not be aware of the need for counseling or his or her present level of functioning. A counselor has to make the individual understand his or her own body language so that they are able to understand themselves better. The counselor needs to use body language as well as interpret the body language of the client or the patient. A counselor has to be fluent in comprehending and responding to the body language and gestures of the client. To help hi m overcome resistance and comprehend himself, body language is extremely important. Hence,

Expressionism in Art Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Expressionism in Art - Assignment Example The paper "Expressionism in Art" gives a detailed information about expressionism art. The primary objective of the expressionist style was to registerthe subjective responses that the artists harbored in context of events or objects. Expressionism never intended to project a realistic and true to life picture of the objects as they existed. It always had more to do with the delicate world of feelings and emotions then to attempt a literal interpretation of the real worldly forms and events. Expressionism relied for its strength and potency on the subtle sensitivity of an artist. Vivid colors, two dimensional subjects lacking a depth or perspectives and distortions turned out to be the hallmarks of the expressionist art. The goal of the expressionist art was to capture potent, extreme and distorted emotions that originated in an artist’s sensitive mind as it come in contact with the varied events and forms in the real world. The quintessential premise, on which expressionism w as based, was the belief that an artist’s response to the real world objects and events happened to be so intense that it left an indelible mark on the form of art. In expressionist art, the artist enjoyed a sense of freedom to exaggerate or distort the surface elements in consonance with the subjective pressures being experienced by the artist. Expressionism not only allowed an artist to express oneself, but also aspired to generate an emotional response in the viewers. Expressionist art happened to be a reflection of its times.

What are some of the reasons given in the article for the achievement Essay

What are some of the reasons given in the article for the achievement gap in education in the United States what do you think could solve the problem discussed in the reading - Essay Example According to Robert Reich, a professor of public policy at the University of California and the author of ‘Beyond Outrage’, the average SAT-type tests between children in the richest ten percent and the bottom ten per cent was about ninety points on an eight hundred point scale thirty years ago. This has nevertheless increased to one hundred and twenty five points today a scenario which depicts the increasing achievement gap between the children coming from the two backgrounds. Are there ways of averting this and ensuring everyone gets quality education? There are various ways that can be used to narrow the achievement gap. They are discussed in the following section. Before addressing the problem, it is good to understand what is causing the gap increase. It is evident that the children coming from rich families are taken to the best schools which have the best facilities and they have the requirements that enhance their learning environment to ensure that they succeed or make it in education. On the contrary the children coming from the poor families hardly have the money and so they will end up in the schools offering poor education and having poor facilities. According to Reich this can be solved by harmonising the standards of education offered. The best way to address the problem is therefore to make sure that all the students get quality and same education. Robert looks at the teacher: student ratio in the schools serving the two groups and realizes that though the ratio is closely the same, the funding per student in the wealthy owned schools is very high and among the highest across the improved countries being analysed. If the government could intervene and increase the student funding then that would mean that the children from the poor families will also have an opportunity to have good facilities and boost their learning. The lack of quality facilities is a major drawback

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder Are you having troubles falling asleep at nights? Have you tried warm milk, exercise, yoga, all kinds of sleeping pills and youre still tired? Or that you were told that you had talked during your sleep? Maybe youre having sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can be related to mental conditions, physical conditions or substance inducement. There are about seventy different sleep disorders which are divided into two categories. One category comprises disorders in which a person has hard time in getting sleep or staying asleep or falling asleep at improper time. For example, insomnia, narcolepsy, nocturnal leg syndrome. Sleep disorders which people experience physical events while they are sleeping, such as somnambulism, restless leg syndrome, are categorized in another group. The most common sleep disorder that is suffered by millions of people in the world is probably snoring, which is not medically significant; whereas some sleep disorders can actually be very dangerous as it might caus e a sudden heart attack. One of the most interesting sleep disorders is narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder which is suffered by one in every 2,000 people in the United States. It can be very hard to live with. It is easy for people who know nothing about narcolepsy to think that those who are suffering from narcolepsy are simply because partied too much as people who fall asleep at inappropriate times must be having way too much fun until the early morning. But thats a long way from the truth. Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is caused by the brains failure to adjust sleep-wake cycles normally. People with narcolepsy experience temporary craving to sleep. Patients usually fall asleep for a period of few seconds to several minutes. In some cases, patients may even remain asleep for an hour or longer if the craving becomes overwhelming. Narcoleptic can easily fall into the REM stage of sleep within 10 minutes; whereas most people do not get into REM stage sleep after 90 minutes. Narcoleptic could not control when and where they fall asleep. T hey might fall asleep when waiting for the traffic light, or they could start snoring in the middle of an important meeting. So, narcolepsy can be very dangerous as patients fall asleep at improper times, such as driving, walking, and so on. Therefore, people with narcolepsy should have someone beside to take care of and avoid driving. Do you think people with narcolepsy seem to have longer sleeping time than normal person? In fact, they spend a weaker proportion of their time asleep during a day. Most of them do also experience frequent awakening during night time sleep due to daytime drowsiness and uncontrolled sleep. How do you know youre actually having narcolepsy? There are several symptoms you might have if you suspect youre a narcoleptic. Cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and excessive daytime sleepiness are common traces of narcolepsy. Cataplexy is an immediate loss of muscle tone that leads to a feeling of weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control, such as limpness at the neck or knees, sagging facial muscles, or failure to speak clearly. The most critical attack results in a complete loss of tone in all voluntary muscles that leads to total physical collapse in which patients are incapable to move, speak or even keep their eyes open. Nonetheless, patients remain conscious throughout cataplexy. The attack can occur at any time during waking period but mostly triggered by instant emotional reactions, such as surprise, anger, fear or laughter. Episode can last for a few seconds or even several minutes. According to the National Institutes of Health, about 10% of all cases, cataplexy is the first symptom to appear and can be misdiagnosed as a sign of a seizure. Patients should avoid having extreme emotional changes to prevent the attack. Sleep paralysis which is also one of the symptoms can cause fleeting inability to move or speak while in both waking period and sleeping period. Sleep paralysis may too last for seconds or even minutes. Generally, patients remain breathing during sleep paralysis, but, its possible that some patients have experience a disheartening sensation of unable to breath. Hypnagogic hallucinations are dream-like experiences that appear before sleep. The sleeping mind beginning to dream earlier than the body has gone fully asleep is the cause of hypnagogic hallucinations, which means that whatever the patients conscious mind is thinking of will become full sensory hallucinations, similar to what happens in dreams. However, the difference between dreams and hypnagogic hallucinations is these images and sounds are occurring while someone is still actually awake. In additional, hypnagogic hallucinations are usually frightening and vivid. Generally, the excessive daytime sleepiness is the first symptom of narcolepsy to occur. The other symptoms may occur after months or year after the onset of the excessive daytime sleepiness. The excessive daytime sleepiness is mostly last permanently, but sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations may not. How do we really confirm that if were infected by narcolepsy, as having some individual symptoms may not prove that were narcoleptics? For example, hypnagogic hallucinations can occur without narcolepsy. The symptoms of narcolepsy are like symptoms of other illness; therefore, it takes as long as 10 to 15 years to have narcolepsy diagnosed after the first symptoms occur. Narcolepsy is always misdiagnosed as learning problem, seizure disorders or even laziness. Nonetheless, there are some tests available, such as Multiple Sleep Latency Test(MSLT), Polysomnography, and the Hypocretin Test. In the MSLT test, patients are required to have a daytime nap for about 20 minutes every 2 hours. Normal people without narcolepsy usually fall asleep within 10-20 minutes; whereas patients with narcolepsy usually fall asleep within 5-8 minutes. This test also shows that how fast you get into REM stage of sleep which narcoleptics easily get into it. Polysomnography is an overnight sleep study which r esult brain activity, eye movements, heart rate, and blood pressure that can find out how quick one falls asleep, how fast one experiences a REM stage of sleep after sleeping and how often one wakes up during the night. The hypocretin test which has not yet become the main diagnosis tool for narcolepsy can measure the level of hypocretin in cerebrospinal fluid. Nacroleptics normally have lower level of hypocretin. Narcolepsy is so interesting yet dangerous, but what causes narcolepsy? Some say heredity, some say infections. What is confirmed is that narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder. It is not caused by mental illness or psychological problem. In fact, scientists have also discovered that narcoleptics are usually lacking in hypocretin, also called  orexin, which is a chemical in the brain that helps promote wakefulness. Nevertheless, the causes of low hypocretin level arent well understood. Researchers think that low hypocretin level isnt caused by individual factor, it might be caused by several factors together, such as infections, brain injuries, heredity, and autoimmune disorders. Despite the disorder has been studied for a long time, the causes of narcolepsy are not determined. However, World Health Organization has discovered some narcoleptics were actually born with a gene that increases the risk of having this rare disease. Scientists found that this gene might have joint effect with H1N1 swine flu vaccine to cause narcolepsy. This is because many cases of narcolepsy among children and adolescents that have been reported in 12 countries in 2009 have received the H1N1 swine flu vaccine earlier before as well. Patients are likely to develop narcolepsy symptoms between 2 and 10 weeks after receiving the vaccine. Researchers also claimed that the risk for those who got vaccinated to get narcolepsy is about 9 times higher than those who did not get vaccinated. There are also reports that show children who ages 5 to 15 are most likely to get narcolepsy. Nevertheless, cases which narcolepsy is linked to H1N1 swine flu vaccine have only been observed in Finland and Sweden, although the vaccine is used in all over the world. Hence, the link between H1N1 swine flu vaccine and the sleep disorder narcolepsy is still being investigated by the World Health Organization. Due to the fact that the causes of narcolepsy are still not known, there is no known way to prevent this dangerous sleep disorder, even treatment of narcolepsy is only to reduce the number of attacks. The goal of treatment is to improve daytime alertness and minimizing symptoms such as cataplexy, hallucinations and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy can usually be controlled with treatment, though. The treatment of narcolepsy is mainly changing in lifestyle. Patients should eat light meals during the day and try to avoid caffeine, alcohol and nicotine as these are factors that may increase the odds of an attack after meals. Narcoleptics may also take naps during the day for 20 to 30 minutes to maintain well functionality and social obligation. Medications can be used to control the symptoms as well. Medication such as Ritalin helps to reduce excessive daytime sleepiness and improves alertness. It has side effects such as headache, irritability, nervousness, notwithstanding its usefulness. U nfortunately, there are no surgical procedures for the treatment of narcolepsy at this time. From the Chinese traditional medicine point of view, the cause of narcolepsy is explained by the Ying-Yang theory. Narcolepsy is developed because of the Ying of ones body is greater than the Yangs and in additional that ones spleen is not functioning well. These are the two main points that cause one to experience drowsiness and also excessive daytime sleeping. However, in Chinese traditional medicine method, it seems to have better treatment than the normal western medicine method. The Chinese have recently invented a medicine that has no side effects for narcoleptics. According to the research done by Mrs. Yang in China who is a Chinese medicine practitioner, 68 patients who taken this healing method for a period of 90 days, 72% of them have obvious improvement, as in the excessive daytime sleeping has been fully cured; 24% of them have improvement, as in the excessive daytime sleeping has almost cured; the other 4% of them have no improvement. This is a great step of treatment fo r narcolepsy as 96% of patients have improvement after taking this healing method. Therefore, this healing method is now spreading out very quickly in China and also received tons of good comments. In conclusion, narcolepsy is a devastating disorder that causes extreme fatigue and often results in the patient falling asleep immediately without warning. It often causes muscle weakness and comes with snoring. Narcoleptic experiences episodes of uncontrollable sleepiness several times a day and it usually happens after meals, but it may also happen at any inappropriate time during the day and last for about fifteen minutes. Patients will then awaken refreshed, only to become exhausted within the next hour or so. It is known that narcolepsy represents a neurological problem of sleep wake mechanisms in the brain yet the causes are still unknown. Although it is not fatal, it still has serious repercussion if the situation gets worse. Thus, it is a dangerous disorder without a cure as it actually affects the brain and muscles. In my opinion, narcolepsy is horrible as it may affect patients in several areas in their lives included daily activities, social functioning and working abilit ies, and it can result in total paralysis, leaving the patients to suffer for the rest of their lives.

Joseph Stalin :: essays research papers

Joseph Stalin became leader of the USSR after Lenin’s death in 1924. Lenin had a government of abstemious communist government. When Stalin came into government he moved to a radical communist society. He moved away from the somewhat capitalist/communist economy of Lenin time to â€Å"modernize† the USSR. He wanted to industrialize and modernize USSR. He had overworked his workers, his people were dying, and most of them in slave labor camps. In fact by doing this Stalin had hindered the USSR and put them even farther back in time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a dictator Stalin was very strict about his policies, especially working. For instance. Stalin had set quotas very high , as they were very unrealistic. The workers had very long days, and under the rule of Stalin most people worked many hours in overtime, and resulting in no pay. Stalin treated workers very, very harshly. Those who did not work were exiled to Siberia or killed. Some may say you got what you deserved in Stalin’s time. Those who worked very hard for Stalin sometimes got bonuses such as trips, or goods likes televisions and refrigerators. The workers had to conform to Stalin’s policies . Stalin’s harsh treatment of workers received a very unwelcoming response, but in fact the liberal amount of goods that the workers had made, had in fact boosted the USSR’s economy. Therefore Stalin had created a country which seemed corrupt at the time, but later on it improved by the hard work Stalin had forced upon them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Stalin became leader of the USSR the quality of life and standard of living dropped considerably. For instance the people had no personal freedom. Meaning that they had to worship Stalin as all other religions had been abolished and most churches had been demolished. The people who went into those churches that were left standing were arrested or punished otherwise. Soon there were food shortages. Somewhere between 1932 and 1933 over 6 million people died of starvation. This was the greatest man made famine in history. The famine came as a result of Stalin’s unrealistic goals . Also, people had poor family lives. Abortions came a dime a dozen as did divorces. Wedding rings were banned. There was insufficient housing, as some people had to live in tents. This may be because of workers not working hard enough. Maybe if the workers worked harder they could have received better housing.

Role of Men and Women

The role of men and women There’s a big difference about the role of men and women between nowadays, in the past and in the future. It depends on a lot of cultural, continental, rich and poor, technology, development of science, health service, education †¦ There are out of aspects to explain deeply this problem. It will be easier if we look at around things. Clearly The role of men and women‘s a big social’s problem and the family is the social factor so let have look at family.In the past manual labour‘s the main. We have to admit that men they have superior health than women so they was easy to get a high situation in family because they are main income, women spend all their life just stay at home to born children and look after them, do housework,†¦. They didn’t have any opportunity to study, contribute to society and require their interest†¦ but nowadays everything changed. The science reached new success.Family planning’s popular and It’ too easy about having more child or not. Technology developed, house work doesn’t take too much time. The education developed there are a lot of good school to take children, parent receive support from government to educate their kids so Women have great opportunity to go out for working and they spend more time for academic, they can contribute for society, they have more time to relax, enjoy their life, position of women in society has been confirmed.They can join to political and a lot of field which previously only men to participate. All the people in the world are born equal, enjoy the right to happiness and freedom. The human are building a new society, developed society, equal society where men and women both of them can contribute to making life more beautiful.

Free Essays on Internal And External Factors

External and Internal Factors 1 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. External and Internal Factors 2 Abstract We chose to look at PepsiCo Inc.’s managerial methods. We have analyzed the companies’ organizational mission, ethics management and Internet strategy. PepsiCo is a company with many different segments. The one company includes Pepsi-Cola brands, Tropicana brands, and Frito-Lay brands. Each section of the company has about ten to fifteen different brands in it. The four levels of management: Planning, Organizing Resources, Leading, and Controlling cover all of the segments of leadership in this company. External and Internal Factors 3 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. PepsiCo Inc.’s mission statement is as follows: â€Å"PepsiCo's overall mission is to increase the value of our shareholder's investment. We do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. We believe our commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to our consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to our investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.† We think that this mission statement is good because it focuses not only the success of the product, but also the success of the company’s investors (including shareholders, which shows the company wishes success for it’s consumers as well). It also clearly states how the company believes it can achieve its mission, through sales growth, cost controls, and wise investment. These are the three main jobs of the management to maintain PepsiCo’s success. We don’t think that anything about their mission statement needs to be changed. Everything is very clearly stated and it is persuasive in the sense that by reading it, a person can feel like the company knows what is b... Free Essays on Internal And External Factors Free Essays on Internal And External Factors External and Internal Factors 1 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. External and Internal Factors 2 Abstract We chose to look at PepsiCo Inc.’s managerial methods. We have analyzed the companies’ organizational mission, ethics management and Internet strategy. PepsiCo is a company with many different segments. The one company includes Pepsi-Cola brands, Tropicana brands, and Frito-Lay brands. Each section of the company has about ten to fifteen different brands in it. The four levels of management: Planning, Organizing Resources, Leading, and Controlling cover all of the segments of leadership in this company. External and Internal Factors 3 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. PepsiCo Inc.’s mission statement is as follows: â€Å"PepsiCo's overall mission is to increase the value of our shareholder's investment. We do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. We believe our commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to our consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to our investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.† We think that this mission statement is good because it focuses not only the success of the product, but also the success of the company’s investors (including shareholders, which shows the company wishes success for it’s consumers as well). It also clearly states how the company believes it can achieve its mission, through sales growth, cost controls, and wise investment. These are the three main jobs of the management to maintain PepsiCo’s success. We don’t think that anything about their mission statement needs to be changed. Everything is very clearly stated and it is persuasive in the sense that by reading it, a person can feel like the company knows what is b...

Cost-Push Inflation vs. Demand-Pull Inflation

Cost-Push Inflation vs. Demand-Pull Inflation The general increase in the price for goods in an economy is called inflation, and it is most commonly measured by the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI). When measuring inflation, it is not simply the increase in price, but the percentage increase or the rate at which the price of goods is increasing. Inflation is an important concept both in the study of economics and in real life applications because it affects peoples purchasing power. Despite its simple definition, inflation can be an incredibly complex topic. In fact, there are several types of inflation, which are characterized by the cause that is driving the increase in prices. Here we will examine two types of inflation: cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation. Causes of Inflation The terms cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation are associated with Keynesian Economics. Without going into a primer on Keynesian Economics (a good one can be found at Econlib), we can still understand the difference between two terms. The difference between inflation and a change in the price of a particular good or service is that inflation reflects a general and overall increase in price across the whole economy.   Weve seen that inflation is caused by some combination of four factors. Those four factors are: Supply of money goes up  Supply of goods and services goes downDemand for money goes downDemand for goods and services goes up Each of these four factors is linked to the core principles of supply and demand, and each can lead to an increase in price or inflation. To better understand the difference between cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation, lets look at their definitions within the context of these four factors. Definition of Cost-Push Inflation The text Economics  (2nd Edition) written by American economists Parkin and Bade gives the following explanation for cost-push inflation: Inflation can result from a decrease in aggregate supply. The two main sources of a decrease in aggregate supply are: An increase in wage ratesAn increase in the prices of raw materials These sources of a decrease in aggregate supply operate by increasing costs, and the resulting inflation is called cost-push inflation Other things remaining the same, the higher the cost of production, the smaller is the amount produced. At a given price level, rising wage rates or rising prices of raw materials such as oil lead firms to decrease the quantity of labor employed and to cut production. (pg. 865) To understand this definition, we must understand the aggregate supply.  Aggregate supply is defined as the total volume of the goods and services produced in a country or the supply of goods. To put it simply, when the supply of goods decreases as a result of an increase in the cost of production of those goods, we get cost-push inflation. As such, cost-push inflation can be thought of like this: prices for consumers are pushed up by increases in cost  to produce. Essentially, the increased production costs are passed along to the consumers. Causes of Increased Cost of Production Increases in cost could relate to labor, land, or any of the factors of production.  It is important to note, however, that the supply of goods can be influenced by factors other than an increase in the price of inputs. For instance, a natural disaster can also impact the supply of goods, but in this instance, the inflation caused by the decrease in the supply of goods would not be considered cost-push inflation. Of course, when considering cost-push inflation the logical next question would be What caused the price of inputs to rise? Any combination of the four factors could cause an increase in production costs, but the two most likely are factor 2 (raw materials have become more scarce) or factor 4 (demand for raw materials and labor have risen). Definition of Demand-Pull Inflation Moving on to demand-pull inflation, we will first look at the definition as given by Parkin and Bade in their text Economics: The inflation resulting from an increase in aggregate demand is called demand-pull inflation. Such inflation may arise from any individual factor that increases aggregate demand, but the main ones that generate ongoing increases in aggregate demand are: Increases in the money supplyIncreases in government purchasesIncreases in the price level in the rest of the world (pg. 862) Inflation caused by an increase in aggregate demand  is inflation caused by an increase in the demand for goods. That is to say that when consumers (including individuals, businesses, and governments) all desire to purchase more goods than the economy can currently produce, those consumers will compete to purchase from that limited supply which will drive prices up. Consider this demand for goods a game of tug of war between consumers: as demand increases, prices are pulled up. Causes of Increased Aggregate Demand Parkin and Bade listed the three primary factors behind increases in aggregate demand, but these same factors also have a tendency to increase inflation in and of themselves. For instance, an increase in the money supply is factor 1 inflation. Increases in government purchases or the increased demand for goods by the government is behind factor 4 inflation. And lastly, increases in the price level in the rest of the world, too, causes inflation.  Consider this example: suppose you are living in the United States. If the price of gum rises in Canada, we should expect to see fewer Americans buying gum from Canadians and more Canadians purchasing the cheaper gum from American sources. From the American perspective, the demand for gum has risen causing a price rise in gum; a factor 4 inflation. Inflation in Summary As one can see, inflation more complex than the occurrence of rising prices in an economy, but can further be defined by the factors driving the increase. Cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation can both be explained using our four inflation factors. Cost-push inflation is inflation caused by rising prices of inputs that cause factor 2 (decreased supply of goods) inflation. Demand-pull inflation is factor 4 inflation (increased demand for goods) which can have many causes.

Ethics for a society of humans and automatons Essay

Ethics for a society of humans and automatons - Essay Example Forester and Morrison strongly suggest that â€Å"computer system have often proved to be insecure, unreliable, and unpredictable and that society has yet to come to terms with the consequences†¦.society has become newly vulnerable to human misuse of computers in the form of computer crime, software theft, hacking, the creation of viruses, invasion of privacy, and so on† (ix). The ethical dilemmas however do not rise simply for the fact that there are risks involved with the automatons. More than risks, when the automatons become largely entwined in the daily lives human beings on the earth, we have to deal with many more complex issues which ethically challenge the governance of such a world. Allen, Wallach and Smitt are of the view that â€Å"we can’t just sit back and hope things will turn out for the best. We already have semiautonomous robots and software agents that violate ethical standards as a matter of course. A search engine, for example, might collect data that’s legally considered to be private, unbeknownst to the user who initiated the query† (12). Three Laws of Robotics While we regard ethics in terms of automaton, it is necessary to look at Issac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. These laws were delineated in his famous 1942 short story ‘Runaround’. ... It means if a robot wants to protect in a given situation, it shall not be at the expense of harm to human beings. The ethical laws pertaining to moving machines are considered to be mechanical. Ethics is considered by definition to be anthropocentric. Ethics involves ruminations on living a life which is worthy to live. Asimov’s three laws are an important starting point in understanding machine ethics: â€Å"1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law† (as quoted in Anderson, 477-78). These laws as originally proposed by Asimov imagine automatons as slaves of human beings. Moreover, they are not even considered to be able to exit relatively independent of human beings. Asimov has â₠¬Å"provided an explanation for why humans feel the need to treat intelligent robots as slaves, an explanation that shows a weakness in human beings that makes it difficult for them to be ethical paragons. Because of this weakness, it seems likely that machines like Andrew could be more ethical than most human beings† argues Anderson (478). However, in the present world, the complex interactions take place between humans and automatons take us beyond the purview of these three laws concerning ethical governance of mechanized world. Altering the Ethical Man Albert Einstein put forward the question â€Å"Did God have any choice?† as the big question faced by humanity. In a society of automata, human beings are faced with another question. Did human beings have any choice?

Introduction to Reational Database Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction to Reational Database - Essay Example A thorough research was conducted to address the above-stated issues with the system. There are several solutions available to address the issues pertaining to the development of an ICT infrastructure including an integrated information system based on some relational database management tool. There are two major application environments available to develop the system which includes a simple Management Information System and a Web-based Information Portal. Both of these systems can be developed on a relational database and are equally viable solutions. However, there are certain added features that a web-based Information Portal can offer to accommodate specific business operations. (Grehan, 2011).Speed Trans information portal is supposed to handle the heavy load of external transactions through e-commerce module and a quick access to information is a mandatory requirement of e-business clientele. These two business domain specific requirement are best met by a Web-based Informatio n Portal. Web-portals are more prone to security issues, therefore, a strong user authentication and authorization over a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) channel will be required to establish a connection to the system. Additionally, a strong security spectrum will be required to safeguard vital system resources from hackers and viruses. Special network protection technologies including software and hardware tools and mechanisms are required to be implemented to ensure secure, smooth and stable information portal implementation.  ... The company is presently working with various other firms to supply them with automobile spare parts on regular basis. The company operations require an online communication system with its own branch office and other firms. The system is also required to be integrated with the company’s information system. Moreover, the firms is experiencing a high growth in the business and the present ICT setup often faces bottleneck conditions to support the business operations in size and speed. The new system should be designed keeping in mind the future scalability requirements that may arise within at least three years from now. Speed Trans has initially launched a limited ICT setup which is now required to be expanded to a fully integrated Information System along with online communication capabilities to handle the workload of a medium sized enterprise. 3. Current Business Issues The current system has several issues due to its limited scope. These issues cause delay in business tran sactions, communications bottlenecks restrict the smooth flow of critical business information to and from business partners and clientele, due to lack of integration between various system modules the information stored in various systems cannot be used to provide business intelligence and decision support. These and many other business issues identified in the study are discussed in the following paragraphs; a) Lack of System Support Presently every business operations is not supported by the system and a hybrid environment of system supported and manual operations and transactions are used to achieve business objectives, e.g. system maintains business partners and clientele information but it does not support automated email module to ensure

Introducing Paulaner Beer in Indonesia (Demographics sections) Research Paper - 1

Introducing Paulaner Beer in Indonesia (Demographics sections) - Research Paper Example Muslim population, the issue of alcohol consumption in Indonesia has raised debates in the country for a long time with the current debate revolving on the possibility of banning alcoholic drinks in the country. Although the rate of alcohol consumption in the country remains relatively high, strong Islamic beliefs held by most Indonesians has made it difficult for investors to invest in alcoholic beverages. Consequently, most alcoholic beverages consumers in Indonesia are tourists. However, some Indonesian youths engage in alcohol drinking although this is mostly restricted to urban areas (Grant 98). The country’s ban on alcohol advertising on media would also mean that Paulaner has limited platform on which to market its products. As a way of regulating alcohol consumption, the government of Indonesia in 1990 banned alcohol advertising on media which has since made it difficult for new entries in the market to thrive. Other forms of alcohol advertising in the country are also governed by strict rules further making it difficult to reach new markets. Laws on certification on alcoholic products in Indonesia are also strict and can involve a long process before one gets a license. The country further classifies alcoholic beverages in the closed business field meaning that commercialization of any business related to alcoholic beverages is illegal (Grant 98). Consequently, businesses in this industry are restricted from expansion through investment. When the above factors combine, they present a significant challenge to any investor planning to invest the alcoholic beverages industry in Indonesia. Among the factors that might negatively impact on a business is poor quality products coupled with poor customer services. Equally detrimental is the effect of negative actions by an employee within a business more so when it comes to dealing with clients. Additionally, irresponsible financial management that includes ill-advised investment can also impact on a

The American Civil War Essay Example for Free

The American Civil War Essay The American Civil War has also been called the War Between the States or the War of Rebellion or the War for Southern Independence. It was a clash between the United States of America or the Union and the Confederate States of America or the Confederacy. The Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865. There were many reasons for the outbreak of this Civil War such as States’ rights and slavery. The principle cause for this War was purely economic. The Southern states had always tried to become independent because of the fact that the people and the state were becoming wealthier due to extensive use of slave labor. These states feared a drastic reduction in their wealth if slavery were to be abolished (Guisepi, 2002). Subsequent to the election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States, the South became apprehensive as they felt that slavery would be abolished, accordingly they started the civil war. On the 12th of April, 1861 the Confederate army in Charleston, S. C. , started firing on Fort Sumter, which was held by the Union forces. This marked the commencement of hostilities between the North and the South. The prima facie objective of the South was to gain independence and that of the North was to preserve the integrity of the Union. In the year 1862, Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation and this constituted a major cause for the war. If the North emerged victorious then slavery would be abolished and if the South had won the war then slavery would have been protected in all the Confederate states (Guisepi, 2002). Economic disparities had been on the increase during the early nineteenth century. More than fifty seven per cent of cotton exports from the US had originated in the South and this was mainly due to the employment of slave labor. However, the North had acquired its wealth by establishing industries and as such the inhabitants of the North were opposed to slave labor. In order to cope with the demand for labor, the North encouraged immigration. Therefore, there were a large number of European immigrants who worked as laborers in industries and in the construction of railways in the North. The South was a laggard as far as industrialization was concerned and this forced them to import manufactured goods from the North. The southern states opposed the overwhelming taxes and tariffs on imported goods, which was the main source of revenue for the Federal government. The Federal government was unwilling to reduce the taxes since it had to support various welfare measures and provide infrastructure like roads. This led to a further disagreement between the North and the South (Gallagher, 2005 ). Initially, in the republic there were sectional differences between the regions, which were overlooked, owing to the fact that the vast distances rendered communication difficult if not impossible. The Northerners favored a central government in order to enable them to construct railroads, roads, and infrastructure, protect complex trade interests and thereby control the national currency. The Southerners, on the other hand, were not in favor of forming a central government since their dependence on the Federal government was much lesser. They also believed that a central government would prevent them from practicing slavery. The US Constitution prohibits the federal government from interfering with slavery within the states. Opponents of slavery in the Northern states were limited to restricting the use of slaves and the spreading of slavery to other regions. This is borne out by the fact that in 1820, Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state whereas Maine was admitted as a free state to maintain the balance in the Senate (Gallagher, 2005 ). In 1857, the Supreme Court of the United States added fuel to fire of mounting tensions by its judgment in the case of Dred Scott. In that case Scott a Missouri slave sought freedom on the basis that his master had taken him to live in a free state. The Court opined that Negroes were not citizens of the United States and that accordingly Scott could not approach the Court as he had no rights to do so. Moreover, the Supreme Court ruled that the US laws prohibiting slavery were unconstitutional. Subsequently, on the 16th of October 1859, John Brown a convict of the Pottawatomie massacre raided the Harpers Ferry, VA, in order to free the slaves and to encourage them to start a guerrilla war against the whites in the South. This incident shook the Southerners as they felt that it was the beginning of organized Northern efforts to abolish slavery (Guisepi, 2002). With the election of Abraham Lincoln as the President of the Union, the Southerners seriously contemplated secession from the Union and South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union. Other Southern states quickly withdrew from the Union and these secessionists occupied many southern forts. The Artillery of the Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter and this marked the beginning of the war (Guisepi, 2002). The Civil War had the dubious distinction of resolving the issue of secession permanently as has been borne out by the fact that since 1861, there have been no attempts by the states of the Union to secede. Another major change wrought by the Civil War was the abolition of slavery, subsequent to the Emancipation Proclamation announced by Lincoln. However, the Civil War was unable to make the blacks the equals of the whites and it was also unsuccessful in emotionally reuniting the North and the South, as had been hoped by Abraham Lincoln. References Gallagher, G. (2005 ). American Civil War. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [DVD] . Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Guisepi, R. (2002). American Civil War. Retrieved June 23, 2007, from http://history-world. org/american_civil_war. htm